Masonry Spalling and Freeze-thaw Weathering
![peeling paint on wall](https://garynsmith.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Peeling-Paint-and-Spalling-Brick-1.jpg)
Brick is porous. When water freezes, it expands. Put these two together and you have a recipe for surface spalling and freeze-thaw weathering. Freeze–thaw weathering is caused by moisture freezing inside masonry and then later contracting. Upon freezing, the water expands, causing spall,